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Overt and hidden processes in 20th century music

Christensen, Erik: Overt and hidden processes in 20th century music, Axiomathes, Springer 2004

For the purpose of contributing to a clarification of the term “process”, different kinds of musical processes are investigated: A rule-determined phase shifting process in Steve Reich’s Piano Phase (1966), a model for an indeterminate composition process in John Cage’s Variations II (1961), a number of evolution processes in GyörgyLigeti’s In zart fliessender Bewegung (1976), and a generative process of fractal nature inPer Nørgård’s Second Symphony (1970). In conclusion I propose that six process categories should be included in a typology of processes: Rule-determined, goal-directed and indeterminate transformation processes, and rule-determined, goal-directed and indeterminate generative processes.